Rephrasing V
a. Defining
He broke a cup. It was made of Bohemian glass.
He broke a cup which/that was made of Bohemian glass.
She doesn't know the man. We are talking about him
She doesn't know the man we are talking about. (Omission of relative pronoun)
We went to a restaurant. They serve excellent fish there.
We went to a restaurant where they serve excellent fish.
b. Non-defining
Jane has been sacked. You met her last Sunday.
Jane, who you met last Sunday, has been sacked.
Elizabeth George is an excellent writer. Her novels are best-sellers.
Elizabeth George, whose novels are best-sellers, is an excellent writer.
Michael has been promoted. This made him very happy.
Michael has been promoted, which made him very happy.
She sent the letter to our old address, which was careless of her.
It was careless of her to send the letter to our old address.
It was a pity they arrived too late for the wedding.
They arrived too late for the wedding, which was a pity.
Emphatic construction
a. It is/was ... that ...
Harry told the police
It was Harry who/that told the police
An occult quality distinguishes man from animals.
It is an occult quality that distinguishes man from animals
What distinguishes man from animals is an occult quality
b. What ... is ...
I need a beer
What I need is a beer.
My left leg hurts
What hurts is my left leg